ࡱ> U@ bjbj Sg&&&:)))8),)4:k&*&*&*&*&*4<4<4<$GRX&Fl8;@FF&*&*F%eJeJeJF@&*&&*eJFeJ<eJJJF&&** pID)F(4,;0kNpFph::&֎4<\?feJAC4<4<4<::>D=J(::> The Climate & Landscape of the Punjab Fact Sheet        Many farmers use chemicals to help their crops to grow. These chemicals (called fertilisers) are expensive to buy but they really help farmers to increase the size of their crop. Farmers do not want to stop using the chemicals as they know this will reduce the size of their crop and will mean less money when they go to market! Many farmers are growing the same crop on the same land over and over again. This takes the same vitamins and minerals out of the soil every year and means that crops grown on that soil the following year are not so good. What problems is the Punjab facing and how do you think it should try to solve these problems? Many farmers choose to grow crops that will earn them the most money. These crops are usually those that other countries require such as rice and cotton. Many of the traditional fruits and vegetables Punjabi farmers used to grow to feed their families are now not being grown because they do not fetch a high price when they go to market. This means traditional plants could become extinct. If a plant is extinct, this means it does not exist any more and will never be seen again. As the Punjab has become more wealthy, many new factories have opened in the region. Some of these factories release harmful gases and other waste into the environment. The farmers can also pollute the land when they use chemicals to help their crops grow. These chemicals travel through the soil and pollute the water in the ground (called groundwater). Leather products (Including shoes, clothing and bags) Steel (Particularly products used in the kitchen) What other products are produced in the Punjab? Machine Tools (Including spanners, screws and pliers) Sewing machines and the parts that make them Wool & textiles (Particularly in the city of Ludhiana in Indian Punjab) Salt (This is mined in the region) Bicycles (Particularly in the city of Jalandhar in Indian Punjab) Why is the Punjab known as the bread basket of India/Pakistan? In the past, regions of the Punjab often flooded when the rains were too heavy and remained dry when the rains did not come, this damaged many crops. From 1850 to 1950 many canals and dams were built by the British government in the Punjab to control the rivers and prevent flooding. The dams and canals also delivered water to areas of the land that were very dry. This increased the amount of land that could be farmed. The Punjab now produces many crops, including: Wheat, rice, cotton, sugar cane and vegetables. Many of these crops are sent to other parts of India and Pakistan and are also sold to other countries. The Punjab is now one of the richest regions in both India and Pakistan. Fast Facts: Important cities: Amritsar & Ludhiana (India), Lahore & Multan (Pakistan) Population: 106 million (approx, across Indian & Pakistani Punjab) Land area: 256,000 Square kilometres (approx, across Indian & Pakistani Punjab) Main Languages: Punjabi, Urdu, Hindi Religious groups in the region: Sikhs, Muslims, Hindus, Christians State Animal: Black buck (or Kala Hiran) Location and landscape of the Punjab: The Punjab is an area of land found across India and Pakistan in South East Asia. The Punjab is divided into 2 areas: Western Punjab (in Pakistan) and Eastern Punjab (in India). The word Punjab means Land of 5 rivers. The 5 Rivers of the Punjab are the: Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Jhelum and Beas. The landscape of the Punjab is flat. The soil is full of vitamins and minerals. This makes it perfect for growing crops. The land is also well watered by the rivers of the region as well as canal irrigation systems that deliver water to farmland. Climate of the Punjab: The climate of the region is characterised by 3 seasons in the year: The Cool Season (from October to February). The climate is mild in the Punjab at this time, but the south of India remains hot. The Hot Season (from March to June) The temperatures in the Punjab can reach up to 49(C during this season. The Monsoon Season (from June to September) Many farmers rely on the monsoon rains to water their crops, but the farmers of the Punjab also have rivers and canals that supply them with water. 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