ࡱ> .0+,- @ ߨbjbj{{ 47H H H H  ???8?T@A BDDDDHGbG nG$RA aGG@aaAH H DDtV"l"l"la^H DH 8D"la"l"l\H ɳDA 0l?\eE6'l0{Nbfblɳ H H H H ɳz CvG P"lW4D\vGvGvGAA d,6 k^ 6 Key questions and ideasKey factsLesson 1: The Geography of GlastonburyMaps at a variety of scales can be used to describe the location of places The meaning of the terms site and situation Maps can be used to investigate and understand the site and situation characteristics of a location The National Curriculum for Geography requires students to be able to use a variety of resources and this includes a variety of maps at different scales. When describing the location of a place, students need to be able to include information at a national, regional, local and immediate scale. The  HYPERLINK "http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/" Ordnance Survey is Great Britains national mapping agency, providing the most up-to-date and accurate geographical maps of the country. The  HYPERLINK "http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/getamap/" Get-a-map service allows an individual to search for and download maps for particular places, postcodes or grid references. The map produced is of a small area, but can be zoomed in or out to obtain different scales. The starter activity for this lesson requires students to interpret 4 maps showing the location of the Glastonbury Festival, each at a different scale. Using the words in the words boxes provided, they will construct sentences to describe the geographical location of the Glastonbury Festival. The description from a national, through regional, to local and site detail should be along the lines of the following: The Glastonbury festival is located in the UK, in the South West of England. Its in the County of Somerset, close to the cities of Bath and Bristol and the towns of Glastonbury and Shepton Mallet. Bristol Airport and the M5 motorway are nearby. The festival is held just outside the village of Pilton, near some rivers and close to the main roads of the A37 and A361. The festival is held in a rural area, on gently sloping farmland around Worthy Farm. (Words in bold are the words from the word boxes on the presentation slides.) The terms site and situation are most commonly used in geography with reference to the location of settlements villages, towns, and cities. The meanings of the terms are as follows: Site: the features and characteristics of the place or point at which the settlement (or festival!) is located. Situation: the location of the settlement (or festival!) in relation to its surroundings things like communications, other settlements, rivers, relief. Historically, the physical characteristics of a site and its situation would have been important factors in determining the most suitable place for a settlement. For example, the proximity of clean water would have been important for drinking, washing, cleaning and irrigation. Woodland would have been important for building materials, fire wood and food sources. Shelter and climate would have influenced the choice and flat land is easier to build on and to farm. Fertile land is also important for farming. If defence was considered important, a hill or rise in the land could act as a vantage point. More recently, human features such as communication links, proximity to other settlements (for markets, labour, amenities, etc.) have become more significant. There are similar considerations to be made when deciding on the location for a music festival. Their locations will be influenced by the physical landscape and human features of their site and situation. Accessibility is important and sites may be chosen which are reasonably close to main transport routes and also in a place where they are accessible from main urban centres from which large populations can be tempted. However, more rural locations which are further from more densely populated areas may be more suitable for noisy crowds. Campers prefer flat ground and stages need it a flat site or very gently sloping relief is best. Festivals are often big events (134,000 weekend tickets were sold in 2008 for Glastonbury) so large areas used for extensive agricultural grazing are often used. A more rural situation also often makes for a more scenic and attractive setting. The map extracts provided show the site and situation of the Glastonbury Festival which takes place at the end of June at Worthy Farm, just on the southern edge of the village of Pilton, in Somerset. Certain human and physical characteristics can be identified on the extracts and 6-figure grid references can be used to locate examples of these features. Learning how to do 6-figure grid references is one of the hardest skills to teach and for students to master in geography. An interactive teaching aid and quiz has been provided. All year 7 pupils in England and Wales are eligible for a free map of their local area and a Map reading made easy peasy leaflet provided by the Ordnance Survey. Details of this scheme can be found on the  HYPERLINK "http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/" Ordnance Survey website where you can also download a copy of the  HYPERLINK "http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/education/pdf/mapreadingmadeeasypeasy2.pdf" Map reading made easy peasy leaflet. The leaflet is also available in Welsh. Detailed instructions, tips and practice questions are given on all aspects of map reading. Using the Glastonbury Festival area map extracts, the following characteristics of the site and situation can be identified; Worthy Farm itself, main roads The A37 and A361, the gently sloping relief of the agricultural land around the farm, scenic landscape features such as Glastonbury Tor, the rurality of the area with only small settlements in the immediate vicinity Pilton, East and West Compton, West Pennard, Pylle, etc. More able students may also know of features not on the map extract itself, e.g. the M5 motorway not far to the West, the large urban areas of Bristol and Bath to the north and Bristol airport. Lesson 2: Glastonbury TourMaps can be used to find out detailed information about a place Using an enquiry-based activity to interpret maps and practice map skills How to write route descriptions, measure distances, give direction, interpret symbol information, and understand relief on maps Maps are in effect 2-D drawings of what we see in 3-D. Certain map skills are required to interpret this 2-D information, in order to visualize a landscape and be able to develop a geographical imagination of that place. Maps use symbols to convey this information and there is a key to explain the meaning of each symbol. Symbols fall into 3 basic categories; line / linear (e.g. roads, footpaths, contours), area (e.g. woodland or marshes), or spot / point features (e.g. buildings, bridges, masts, places of interest like museums, abbeys). There are two scales used on most Ordnance Survey maps: 1:50,000 where 1 cm on the map = 50,000 cm or 500 m on the ground, or 1:25,000 where 1 cm on the map = 25,000 cm or 250 m on the ground. 1:25,000 maps are more detailed as they show field boundaries and the contour interval (see below) is 5m, rather than 10 m in some steeper, upland areas. A useful rule to remember is that the distance between the blue grid lines on a map is always 1km this can be helpful when calculating distance (outlined below). Contours are probably one of the harder map skills to master because this requires translating sometimes detailed and tricky contour 2-D patterns on the map, into their 3-D shapes and landforms on the ground. At KS3, the basic rules are as follows: Contours are lines on a map joining points of equal height. Height is measured in meters above sea level. The distance between contour lines is called the contour interval and is either 5 m (in some upland areas of 1:25,000 maps) or 10 m. Contours dont all have heights on them, so the contour interval helps us to find out the heights of the lines which dont! Contour lines can tell us about slope gradient the closer the lines are together, the steeper the land. Contours can help us to recognize simple landform features like hills and mountains and their shapes, valleys, plateaux and spurs. Textbooks and worksheets help students to interpret basic contour patterns by giving them simple diagrams to describe. However, the exercises in this lesson are only concerned with recognizing flatter and steeper ground, and a named hill. Map work and teaching map skills is notoriously hard and can also be rather boring. Textbooks vary little in their standard approach to explanations and diagrams, teaching the skill, followed by practice questions from a map extract. The exercise here follows a more enquiry-based approach, where students are presented with an email enquiry from a festival-goer and they are challenged to solve the questions posed in the email. Describing a route The first task is to establish clear start and end points of the route. These should be marked somehow or the 6-figure grid references noted. The trick is to imagine travelling the route and describing it as you go. Detail is important the distance of each section (see below for measuring distance), the type of route (footpath, road road number if this is the case), each turn required (the direction turned left or right, as well as the type of junction the turn is made at), any prominent features along the way (e.g. passing a church or museum) and the general direction of travel (using the cardinal points of a compass). Measuring distance Again, a clear start and end must first be established. The route can be measured using a piece of string (easier as it is flexible so can be curved around the corners on the route!) or with edge of a piece of paper. For the latter, the start of the route is marked on the paper and another mark made every time a bend is encountered (when the paper is then turned). You end up with a series of marks on the edge of a piece of paper which follow the route the start and end points of which are the important ones for finding the overall distance. To convert this length of string or the distance on the edge of the piece of paper into the real distance on the ground, the scale on the map needs to be used. Place the string or piece of paper against this scale and read off the distance in km. You may need to multiply if your length of string is longer than the scale line. Alternatively, the blue grid lines are 1km apart and can be used to measure the distance in km! Direction on the map is fairly easy, as the vertical grid lines always run due north-south. Once you know which direction north is, its easy to work out the other cardinal directions. Symbol information can be interpreted using the key on the map. Symbol charts are also available on the Ordnance Survey website for  HYPERLINK "http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/products/25kraster/pdf/25k_English_Legend_March08.pdf" 1:25000 and  HYPERLINK "http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/products/50kraster/pdf/50K_English_Legend_March08.pdf" 1:50000 maps. Relief can be defined as the shape of the land, taking into account hills, valleys, etc. It is interpreted using the contour lines see above. The OS produce a leaflet, map reading made easy peasy aimed at students (its currently distributed along with the free OS maps for year 7s). A PDF version can be downloaded from the OS website in  HYPERLINK "http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/education/pdf/mapreadingmadeeasypeasy2.pdf" English or  HYPERLINK "http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/education/pdf/darllenmaphebdrafferth2.pdf" Welsh. Lesson 3: Explore the Global Festival SceneUsing Google Earth to find a place and place-mark its location Google Earth and Google maps can be used to investigate the site and situation of a given festival Google Earth is a fantastic geographical data tool for locating and exploring different parts of the globe. By typing any destination into the fly to search box, Google Earth will take you to that location. Once there, you can drag the map, zoom in and out and explore the different layers. A place-mark can be attached to the map by clicking the add place-mark icon on the toolbar (a yellow pin). A screen appears, allowing the user to name their place-mark label and type in descriptive detail. An  HYPERLINK "http://www.geographyteachingtoday.org.uk/fieldwork/info/teaching-technology/using-google-earth-as-a-tool-for-presenting-fieldwork-data/" online Google Earth tutorial is available on the Fieldwork pages of the Geography Teaching Today website. The starter activity requires students to find the location of their allocated festival and place a labelled place-mark on the map in the correct place. A suitable scale should be decided upon by zooming in / out until the map shows some detail of the surrounding area (e.g. coastline / border, major settlements in the region). A sample map at a suitable scale showing the location of the Rhythm and Vines Festival in New Zealandwith a labelled placemark has been provided. Further details on the locations on each of the festivals is detailed below. Further information on Google Earth, including how to download the program, can be obtained from the  HYPERLINK "http://earth.google.com/" Google Earth website. During the main activity, students are required to use Google Earth, and  HYPERLINK "http://maps.google.co.uk/maps" Google Maps  to find the locations of their given festivals, and to use information from these programs to answer questions about the site and situation of their festivals. Each group is provided with a task card to guide them through this activity. There are five festivals in total. These can either be distributed equally throughout the class or given to students in five groups. The following background information is necessary for a teacher to be able to assist the students as they work through the tasks and to check their answers to the questions and their understanding of the site and situation of their festivals. The Rhythm and Vines Festival takes place on the Waiohika Estate Vineyard near Gisborne, New Zealand (North Island). It is marketed as a kiwi summer festival experience like no other and is a three day event held over the end of December/beginning of January to see in the New Year. It was established in 2003. The music is rock, dance, jazz and roots, hosting the best up and coming and established kiwi music. The Waiohika estate is 10.2km from Gisborne airport, which can be seen clearly on the satellite view of Gisborne in Google maps about 2 miles to the east of the centre of Gisborne itself. The River Tursngsnui enters the sea at Gisborne in a wide sweeping bay. The settlement itself, the land to the west, and the vineyard to the north-west are all relatively flat. However, a ridge of mountains rises to over 200m fairly steeply to the east, providing a spectacular back-drop to the festival site. This makes an attractive setting for the festival, and zooming in on the map shows Grays Bush reserve and Exotic / Native forests labelled. Away from Gisborne itself, the population becomes sparse and land-use is predominantly agricultural. Further information about this festival can be obtained from the  HYPERLINK "http://www.rhythmandvines.co.nz/" festival website. Southside Festival takes place about 1.8km to the north-west of Neuhausen Ob Eck (NOE) in south west Germany. The festival has been held every June since 1999, and it hosts mainstream/alternative music. It is held the same weekend as the Hurricane Festival in North Germany, which generally has the same line-up. Although relatively high (800m above sea level) the relief is fairly flat around NOE itself and the festival site, although it becomes more undulating a little further to the north where there is a river valley, making the setting attractive. Its not far from the Bodensee a large lake on the River Rhine which separates Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Away from the settlement of NOE itself the population is sparse and the land-use is mainly agriculture or forestry. The nearest road to the festival site is the 311. Trains to Tuttlingen are met by a shuttle bus service during the festival, and the 11km journey takes about 13 minutes. Further information about this festival can be obtained from the  HYPERLINK "http://www.southside.de/index.php?lng=_englisch" festival website. Hip Hop KEMP takes place about 4km to the north of the settlement of Hradec Kralove in the Czech Republic. As its name suggests, it is a hip hop festival and is held every August. Its one of the largest hip hop festivals in Europe, with around 20,000 people attending each year. The Hip Hop KEMP 05 photograph the students are instructed to find shows that the relief is very flat, and that there is a river on the site. There is also a series of lakes in the immediate area. The photograph was taken looking east from across the other side of the river which runs to the west of the festival site. The land-use is again, largely agricultural and while there are settlements in the locality, they are small and the overall population density is sparse. There is a railway line running close to the river to the west of the site. Further information about this festival can be obtained from the  HYPERLINK "http://www.hiphopkemp.cz/?language=en" festival website. The EXIT Festival takes place in Novi Sad, Serbia. It is a four day event that has been held every year in July since 2000. It aims to provide relevant entertainment to Serbian youth while also bringing pertinent social topics to the fore (quote from  HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exit_festival" Wikipedia) The settlement is located on both sides of a meander bend in the River Danube. Unlike the other festivals which are all located outside of settlements, this one takes place within the settlement itself. However, when examined on the maps closely, students will find that it takes place around the old Turkish Petrovaradin Fort this is an open area of the city with woodland on the banks of the River Danube. Therefore, it is away from the more densely populated areas of the settlement on the other side of the river. The settlement itself is located on flat land which rises to forested slopes further south, creating a pleasant setting for the festival. As the festival takes place within the settlement itself, communications are good, and the E75 road is the closest main road to the festival site on the map. Further information about this festival can be obtained from the  HYPERLINK "http://eng.exitfest.org/index.php?option=com_frontpage&Itemid=1" festival website. Benicassim Festival, or the Festival Internacional de Benicssim (FIB) takes place on a concreted site to the south west of the coastal settlement of Benicassim in Spain (about 25km north along the coast from Castellon de la Palma on the east coast). It is one of the most important summer indie music events in Europe, and has been held annually in July since 1995. The setting for the festival is very attractive the coast with mountains behind rising to over 600m (this mountainous area is called Desert De Las Palmes on the map). However, the settlement itself and the festival site are located on flat land this can be seen in the photographs the students are asked to look at and describe (they can also see the backdrop of mountains). The festival takes place away from the more densely populated settlement, as the land becomes more agricultural. The festival site is very well located in terms of road communications the N340 road runs adjacent to the site, and the main AP-7 Autopista Del Mediterrani expressway is just to the north of the site (this links many of the main settlements on the Mediterranean Coast). Further information about this festival can be obtained from the  HYPERLINK "http://benicassimfestival.co.uk/" festival website.Lesson 4: Greening GlastonburyWhat the potential impacts of festivals are, with examples from Glastonbury The meaning of the term sustainable What Glastonbury Festival is doing to be more sustainable  In 2008, 177,500 people went to Glastonbury festivals of this volume are like small towns. Although temporary, this mass migration of people descending on a relatively small, rural site has huge impacts the starter activity of this lesson focuses on the main ones Traffic 2/3 of people attending the festival come by car. The roads around the site are narrow and largely unlit, and there are only 2 car entrances. A graph on the  HYPERLINK "http://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/information.aspx?id=41" Glastonbury website  shows that at peak times, it can take over 7 hours to exit the festival after the weekend. As well as congestion, pedestrians have been knocked down and the contribution of all these queuing cars to air pollution is an issue. Its also not just the traffic over the weekend, its also getting the site ready, maintaining it during the festival and clearing up afterwards. Jobs done by tractors, tankers and trucks. Waste 2,000 tonnes of waste are produced over the weekend. This isnt just the rubbish going into the bins around the site, but also tent pegs and other camping equipment left behind, waste from traders and food stalls, and also Sewage - 3,220 toilets must be delivered to the site before the festival begins. During the festival, they are emptied into large tankers which make 40 trips a day to take the sewage 30 miles to Avonmouth on the Bristol Channel. Water 1/3 of the 1.5million gallons of water needed each day on the site needs to be transported from a reservoir 7 miles away, despite the fact that over 10 miles of pipes have been laid under the site over the years. All this pipe-laying has its own environmental impacts too, and the same is true of the 100km of cabling which has been laid for Electricity supply 200 generators supply 30MW of electricity over the festival weekend as much as the whole of the city of Bath would be using in the same period! Light pollution from festivals is another issue. Crime - Festivals are busy, crowded and noisy places, and with such huge numbers of people congregating in one place, crime is an issue. This requires 25,000 hours of police time the largest single operation in the south-wests calendar. Crime has fallen since 2000 though, when there were 2,276 reported offences (gatecrashers were a huge problem), to 304 reported offences in 2005. Other emergency services also have a vital role to play, for example the fire service which pumped flood water out in the wash-out of 2005. The BBC News article HYPERLINK "http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6727261.stm"  Building a city in a festival field describes Glastonbury as being a tent city with the population of Norwich or Sunderland. World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) definition of sustainable development describes it as development that meets the needs of the present, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This is the most commonly used definition of the term. Further explanations and definitions are available on the  HYPERLINK "http://www.gdrc.org/sustdev/definitions.html" Global Development Research Center website. In terms of music festivals such as Glastonbury, there is potential for significant environmental impact ranging from waste and pollution to energy use and carbon footprint. If a festival is to be described as sustainable, it must ensure that it addresses this impacts so that they are eliminated or significantly reduced. Norways Hovefestivalen uses biofuels and recycles everything on its site, as well as investing profits into carbon capture and storage research. It is the only festival in the world which claims to be 100% carbon-neutral. In the UK, the Big Green Gathering in Somerset uses a pedal-powered stage and is the front-runner in the UK festival green stakes. Glastonbury has a way to go, but is making significant progress. The  HYPERLINK "http://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/" Glastonbury Festival website contains a lot of information about its attempts to be more sustainable. Taking the headings from the students Greenest and cleanest main activity, Glastonbury is: Reducing waste and recycling 15,000 bins around the site are labelled for different types of recyclable waste 50% of all waste produced is recycled. Re-usable cotton, rather than plastic bags contain the programmes given out to all people on arrival, and compostable tent pegs are provided to reduce the number of metal ones left in the ground after the festival. Reducing waste also involves encouraging green trading. Food traders are required to use wooden cutlery, rather than plastic, and to use compostable plates and cups. A yearly Green Trader Award recognises the four most eco-friendly stalls. Criteria include how the vendors get to the festival site, what their stall is made of, what they sell, their packaging materials,and how much they recycle. More information about the 2008 awards can be found here on the  HYPERLINK "http://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/news.aspx?id=3211" Glastonbury Festival website. The website aims to try to reduce traffic, and promote greener travel. The  HYPERLINK "http://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/information.aspx?id=54" Getting here section contains information about National Express and also Brighton Peace and Environment Centre coaches which are run especially for the weekend, direct to the site. Special train services are also put on to Castle Cary, where a free bus-shuttle service picks people up and takes them to the site. There is also information about lift sharing. The HYPERLINK "http://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/information.aspx?id=48"  Liftshare section of the website estimates that 15,000 fewer car journeys take place each year to the festival as a result of car sharing, and directs people to sites like liftshare.com and freewheelers to organise their travel. There is also further information for those still wishing to travel by car on cars and climate change, including websites to find out how your car compares to others. Greener fuel biodiesel is being used more and more. All tractors used in the run-up to the festival are run on 100% biodiesel fuel, and biodiesel generators are increasingly used. Traders are encouraged to use energy-saving light bulbs where possible. The Green Fields area of the site, described as the soul of the festival now occupies 1/3 of the site and is run on wind and solar power. Here, traditional skills and new ways of sustainable thinking are demonstrated and explored. More information about this part of the festival can be found in the  HYPERLINK "http://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/performance.aspx?id=496" Green Fields section of the website. Wildlife sanctuaries are set up around the site to conserve wildlife during the festival. All this good, green behaviour is encouraged by the love the farm, leave no trace motto, explained by Michael Eavis in the HYPERLINK "http://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/news.aspx?id=1989"  Love the Farm section of the website. Over 100 comically costumed Green Police also patrol the festival during the weekend, encouraging people to respect the farm and its environment for example using butt bins which are provided for smokers, and using the toilets! Worthy causes are supported by the festival Ethical thinking is promoted and Fairtrade is encouraged in fact, only Fairtrade coffee and hot chocolate are sold at the festival. People are encouraged to use ethically produced camping equipment during the festival. The festival works to support Oxfam, WaterAid and Greenpeace. The Oxfam shop at Glastonbury and the work of the 1,700 Oxfam stewards over the festival weekends have raised millions to help fight poverty over the last 15 years. A WaterAid auction sold off wellies especially designed for the festival by Hunter and signed by celebrities to raise money for water projects around the world. Local charities and good causes also benefit since 2000, over 1million / year has been paid towards local causes, and in 2007 the figure was almost 2million. Much of this money has been invested into restoration or rebuilding and development projects in the Pilton community examples of this can be found in the  HYPERLINK "http://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/worthy_causes.aspx?id=134" Local Benefits section of the festival website. Despite all this, more could be done: more could be recycled, more renewable energy sources could be used to generate power, light pollution could be addressed and more people could be encouraged to use public transport. Its worth remembering these points when discussing the green rating that students give Glastonbury during the plenary. Lesson 5: Mud Glorious Mud!Flooding can affect major events such as music festivals How to use the flood maps on the Environment Agency website to assess the flood risk to selected festivals Just type Glastonbury floods into Google images and see what comes up! Glastonbury has been affected by flooding over the years, although drainage was improved after floods in 1997 and 1998. However, flooding continues, for example in 2005 and 2007 although the water did dissipate within hours thanks to the drainage improvements. In 2005, the heavy rains and thunder on the first day delayed the opening of the festival and several stages were struck by lightning. The deluges left some areas of the site under 4ft of water, and flash flooding literally caused rivers to run through the site and wash away tents and peoples belongings! The Reading Festival is another festival that is sometimes badly affected by heavy rains (well see later just how much, and why!). In this lesson, the starter resource provides students with a set of images of Glastonbury floods. Photograph interpretation is an important geographical skill, and the students must summarise each image through a caption. Captions should be short, snappy and creative, for example torrent through tent for the first image as the water rushes through the mans tent! They should imagine its a caption or headline for a newspaper article. Another skill is to be able to empathise with another persons situation. In this case students are asked to imagine that they are the person in the tent and to write down a few sentences to describe their thoughts and feelings. The  HYPERLINK "http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/default.aspx" Environment Agency is the leading public body for Environmental protection (air, water and land) in England and Wales. One of their main roles is in flood warning, protection and management. The website provides lots of information for people on how to assess their personal flood risk, and what to do in the event of, and aftermath of a flood. The  HYPERLINK "http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/homeandleisure/37837.aspx" flood map tool on the website allows people to enter a postcode and obtain a flood risk map, which gives the likelihood of flooding in that area. It also provides further information on understanding what the flood map shows. The main activity resource gives students the postcodes for 6 festival sites around the UK. Using the flood map tool on the website, they must obtain flood risk maps, assess the potential level of risk, delineate the likely extent of any flooding and identify the parts of the site most at risk. Glastonbury is done as a class in order to demonstrate the use of the website, how to interpret the resulting map, and how to write a flood risk report which they will be required to do on their own for each of the other sites. The  HYPERLINK "http://maps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/" Whats in your backyard? section of the Environment Agency website identifies local environmental issues. Click on the flood risk icon. On the next page, you must enter the postcode for Glastonbury Festival - BA4 4BY into the search box, and click search. When the map appears, zoom right in to 1:20,000. This reveals a map which shows that the site is at risk of flooding from rivers or the sea without defences shown by the blue shading on the map. There is a strong likelihood that at least some of the site would be affected if heavy or persistent rain led to the rivers bursting their banks. However, the flooding is unlikely to be very severe or extensive, mostly affecting the lower land of the south and south-east corner of the site. V Festival (Chelmsford) is held at Hylands Park (CM2 8WQ). The flood map shows that the park itself is unlikely to be affected by flooding the area at risk of flooding is to the east of the site. However, more able or perceptive students may pick up on the fact that the railway and main access roads may be affected by flooding, which would have potential knock-on effects on the festival. Leeds Festival at Bramham Park (LS23 6ND) is at a small risk of flooding on the northern edge. However, this does not look likely to be extensive. There is, however, some risk of travel disruption due to flooding of the nearby access roads. Reading Festival at Little Johns Farm (RG1 8EQ) close to the centre of Reading itself lies on the south bank of the River Thames. The flood map shows extremely high risk of flooding which would affect most of the site (all of the site during an extreme event), and also the surrounding area, causing extreme local disruption. Again, if you type Reading Festival flooding into Google, you come up with a multitude of articles, images and sites! Beautiful Days Festival takes place at Escot Park in Devon (EX11 1LU). The River Tale runs through the park, and the flood map reveals that this is susceptible to flooding which will affect an area running from north to south through the site, and may also affect access roads and the main A30. However, the remainder of the site looks to be safe. Latitude Festival takes place at Henham Park, Suffolk (NR34 8AN). The flood map shows that the majority of the park itself is free from flood risk, although the far south would flood. The main flooding is to the east, along the river. This may affect travel along the A12 in a few places close to the festival site.Lesson 6: Design your own festival!How to use maps to select the most suitable site for a festival How to start planning a festival The aim of this lesson is to bring together the skills, knowledge, and understanding gained during the unit. Students are presented with the scenario that they are going to be locating and organising a new festival near Carlisle. During lessons 1-3 of this unit, students examined the site and situation of Glastonbury, and other international festivals. Also, during lesson 5, they used the Environment Agencys Flood Map tool to investigate the flood risk at different UK festival sites. The starter activity of this lesson requires them to use the skills and understanding gained during these lessons to choose the most suitable site for their festival from a given choice of four. The starter activity resource provides them with a map of the Greater Carlisle area, with four more detailed maps of each potential festival site. They must consider: Accessibility the festival site needs to be easily accessible by road (and preferably also rail and even air) Relief flatter land is much better for moving around the site, camping and also for setting up stages, etc. Proximity to urban areas it needs to be fairly close to urban areas so that its within easy reach of their populations, but not too close so that it causes noise disturbance and problems with the locals! Land-use festivals are most easily located on rural farmland, or large estates of country houses Flood risk Using the  HYPERLINK "http://maps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/" Environment Agency Flood Map tool , students can click on flood risk and enter postcode they are provided with. This gives them a flood risk map which should be zoomed into 1:20,000 scale for detail of the site. Site A is Castletown House, Rockliffe, Carlisle, CA6 4BN. At first glance this appears to be a good site flat, rural land in the grounds of the house, close to Carlisle but not too close and also close to the main A74. However, the flood risk map reveals that most of the site is in danger of being flooded! Site B is Moor House Farm, Westlington, Carlisle, CA6 6AL. The site is flat rural farmland, its between the A74 (just off it) and A7 main roads, very close to Carlisle and also not too far from Gretna and Scotland. The flood map reveals no risk of flooding to the site. This is the most suitable option the one that most students will (hopefully) opt for!!! Site C is Wetheral Abbey Farm and Priory grounds, CA4. While this is fairly close to Carlisle, it is not very easily accessible by main roads. It is on the edge of Wetheral, still fairly close to the settlement. Its right next to the river so may be at risk of flooding. Site D is Carlisle racecourse which is the other probable option which the students might go for. It would make a fairly good site reasonably flat land, very close to Carlisle and on open land. There is also no real flood risk to the actual site itself (flooding possible to the west) However, access is really through the centre of Carlisle not great, and the land at site B is flatter. The main activity involves group work, and the activity resource gives students instructions to complete three tasks these should be divided amongst members of each group. Task 1 involves writing instructions for travel to the festival by car from the north, south, east and west. In order to do this, students must use the maps they have been provided with already, but also Google Maps, and any other road maps available to help. The Royal International Pavilion in Llangollen is the home of the International Eisteddfod every July, and its website has a good example of  HYPERLINK "http://www.royal-pavilion.co.uk/about.html" travel guidance . The  HYPERLINK "http://www.glastonburyfestivals.co.uk/information.aspx?id=54" Getting Here section of the Glastonbury website can also be used for ideas. Students are also required to draw a simple sketch map to show the main road access this should be a simplified version of the local map of the site, simply showing main access roads with the site itself labelled. A possible extension activity for more able pupils is to investigate rail and air travel to the festival. Task 2 asks students to go green and think about how they will make their festival more green and sustainable (for a definition of the term sustainable, see lesson 4 above), and also to encourage festival-goers to be more sustainable in their actions and behaviour. The ideas and methods implemented by Glastonbury Festival were covered in lesson 4, and students should be encouraged to use the information gathered during that lesson. However, they are also provided with a link to  HYPERLINK "http://www.sunsetevents.com.au/sites/southbound/ecobound.html" Southbound Festival in Australia and  HYPERLINK "http://www.tinthepark.com/" T in the Park for further inspiration.  HYPERLINK "http://www.hovefestival.com/Default.aspx?CatID=milj" Hovefestivalen in Norway claims to be 100% carbon neutral through its green actions (the website contains a swear-word so has not been put on the resource, but may be useful background reading for teachers). A possible extension activity here is to consider which worthy causes (as looked at for Glastonbury) might be supported, and how they might be involved with the festival. Task 3 involves students using the maps provided, and also internet research of the local area, to find out what there is to see and do in the local area. They should be able to interpret the map symbols (see lesson 2 above) to find local points of interest and then use the internet to investigate them further. They should aim to produce an annotated map (sketched or printed) of the area, showing the festival site and the points of interest they have found (using a symbol and key method will be best). Additional information such as opening times, tariffs and distance from the festival site should also be included if possible distances can be measured using the method described in lesson 2 above. A possible extension activity here is to devise a couple of walking routes around the festival site encourage them to use footpaths where possible and to make one route easy and one more strenuous if possible the latter being more hilly and / or longer (using contour interpretation).      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